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Ayurveda
, India |
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Ayurveda, a traditional holistic health care system, older than any
other system of medicine, has been practiced in India for more than 5000
years. Ayurveda, recognized as alternative medicine now, represents the
science of life and longevity originating in the Vedic traditions of
India. Based on the principle of eternal life, this holistic health care
system has a vast body of knowledge covering eight branches. Its major
premise involves the symbiosis of mind, body and spirit. Any imbalance
in this synthesis results in physical ailments. This ancient Indian
medicine seeks to reestablish the harmony between the body and its
habitat by creating the optimum health environment.
Over the centuries ayurveda has had a nurturing influence on ancient
Chinese systems of medicine, Unani medicine, and the humoral medicine
practiced by Hippocrates in Greece. The current knowledge about this
ancient Indian medicine is primarily drawn from the Charaka Samhita
(though there are earlier versions, Charaka Samhita in its present form
is estimated to date from 1st century AD), Vagbhatta's Astanga Hridaya
(approximately 500 AD), and the Susruta Samhita (the Susruta Samhita is
believed to have originated in the last centuries BC, but the date of
its present version is fixed by researchers at 7th century AD). These
three classic texts describe the basic principles and theories from
which this alternative medicine has evolved. They reflect an
overwhelming wealth of clinical as well as surgical information,
enriched further by later research, on the management of a multitude of
diseases and ailments.
The entire science of ayurveda is based on the 'Five Great Elements' (Panchmahabhuta)
theory. These five elements are earth (prithvi), water (jal), fire (agni
or tej), air (vayu) and ether or space (akash). In popular tradition,
the universe is understood to be made up of these elements. Ayurveda
comprehends body, mind and spirit likewise and has specific methods for
working on each. It divides the constitution of people into three
humoral categories—Vata (ether/air), Pitta (fire) and Kapha
(water/earth). Vata rules mental mobility. Pitta, or fire, governs
digestion and assimilation on all levels from food to ideas. And kapha
or water governs form and substance and is responsible for weight,
cohesion and stability. Using these three types in combinations of two
creates six more subtypes. A seventh subtype also exists, which is a
combination of all the three categories.
According to the concept of good management, ayurveda insists that the
'fault' or dosha, the 'tissue' or dhatu and the 'impurity' or mala
should be in harmony with each other, with all the components properly
balanced. Any discordant note in this synthesis due to external or
internal causes is a cause for concern. These are basically therapeutic
measures taken either to prevent diseases or cure them. Thus ayurvedic
procedures are done either to detoxify the body or as a prelude to
strengthening the immune system. Panchakarma or 'five procedures', is
the most sought after detoxification therapy, which paves the way for
the culmination of ayurvedic treatment of healing—anti-aging (Kaya Kalpa).
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